Ralstonia solanacearum

Bacterial wilt is a fast-acting, soil-borne disease that can take down an otherwise healthy plant in a matter of days. Caused by Ralstonia species, it primarily affects tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, and brinjals. The bacteria invade the roots and spread through the vascular system, cutting off water transport. Plants wilt suddenly, often without warning, and may appear to recover in the cooler hours before collapsing entirely. The disease is particularly aggressive in warm, wet soils, and once present, it can remain viable in the soil for years.

There’s no curative treatment for bacterial wilt. Infected plants rarely survive, and the disease spreads quickly through water, soil, and tools. Losses can be substantial, especially for gardeners who unknowingly replant into contaminated beds. Prevention is the only viable strategy for organic growers, combining careful sanitation, crop rotation, and the use of biological agents that suppress the bacteria and strengthen root defences.

To reduce the risk, avoid planting susceptible crops in the same area for at least three to four years. Use drip irrigation or water early in the day to prevent leaf wetness and soil splash. Always remove and destroy infected plants completely, including the roots. Sterilise tools between uses and keep paths clear of weeds that can harbour the pathogen. Start clean, and then support your soil with beneficial microbes that compete with Ralstonia in the rhizosphere.

• Biologicals

  
  

  • RhizoVital
    Based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (FZB42), it supports strong root systems and produces antimicrobial compounds that inhibit soil pathogens. Apply to moist soil near roots during planting or transplanting.

Note: Once symptoms appear, infected plants cannot be saved. Act early with a focus on soil health and microbial protection. Biologicals like RhizoVital help prevent infection by occupying the root zone and boosting plant defences. Combined with rotation and good water management, they form a strong line of defence against this devastating disease.