The White Leghorn is a well-known and highly productive breed that originated in Tuscany, Italy. Although the exact date of its development is uncertain, the breed was first exported to other countries in the early 1800s. Recognised today as one of the best heritage layers, White Leghorns are prized for their ability to produce a high volume of large white eggs. They are an excellent choice for those seeking a prolific layer with strong foraging abilities and good adaptability.

Egg Production

White Leghorns are renowned for their outstanding egg-laying capabilities. A healthy hen can lay between 280-300 large white eggs per year, making them one of the most productive heritage breeds available. They generally begin laying at around 4 1/2  months of age and are not known for going broody, which means they are more likely to maintain a steady laying schedule throughout the year.

Appearance

The White Leghorn is a sleek, lightweight bird with a tidy, upright posture. Hens typically have a red single comb that tends to flop to one side, and red wattles. Their legs are yellow, and their earlobes are white, matching the colour of their eggs. These features are standard traits of the breed and can help in identifying true White Leghorns.

Temperament and Behaviour

Leghorns are active, intelligent, and highly alert chickens. They are known to be quite flighty and are capable of flying and roosting in trees, which makes them more agile and less susceptible to predators. Because of their high energy levels, they are better suited to free-ranging environments where they have space to explore and forage.

When kept in confinement, White Leghorns can become bored easily. This restlessness can lead to negative behaviours such as feather pecking or bullying of more submissive breeds. Providing enrichment like chicken-safe toys, perches, and treats can help keep them stimulated and content. These birds are also fairly vocal, and their noisiness may not be ideal in suburban areas with close neighbours. However, proper stimulation and space can help to reduce excessive noise.

Suitability and Care

Due to their foraging skills and hardiness, White Leghorns do very well in free-range systems where they have the freedom to roam and explore. Their flighty nature means they require secure fencing or a safe area to prevent them from escaping or becoming a target for predators. While they are less cuddly than more docile breeds, their high productivity and independence make them a favourite among experienced poultry keepers and those focused on egg production.

In summary, the White Leghorn is a reliable and efficient egg layer with a lively personality. Although they may not be ideal for beginners or families looking for pet-like chickens, they are excellent for those who value high egg output, strong foraging skills, and a hardy, self-sufficient breed.